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   ÀÌÁØÈ£(2004-07-15 17:51:12, Hit : 11954, Vote : 43
 http://blog.naver.com/soudz.do

¿Ü¿öµµ ¿Ü¿öµµ ±î¸Ô´Â ¿À¶óŬ ÇÔ¼ö (¹Ø¿¡²¨ ÆÛ°¡´Â ´ë½Å ¤¾)


1.        ¼ýÀÚ ÇÔ¼ö(Number Function)
ABS(n)
ABSÇÔ¼ö´Â Àý´ë°ªÀ» °è»êÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼öÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT ABS(-10) Absolute FROM dual ;
Absolute
--------
       10


CEIL(n)
CEILÇÔ¼ö´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø °ªº¸´Ù´Â Å©Áö¸¸ °¡Àå ±ÙÁ¢ÇÏ´Â ÃÖ¼Ò°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼öÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT CEIL(10.1) TEST FROM dual ;
  TEST
-------
      11

SQL>SELECT CEIL(-10.1) TEST FROM dual ;
   TEST
-------
     -10


EXP(n)
EXPÇÔ¼ö´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø °ªÀÇ eÀÇ ½Â¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
e´Â 2.171828183..ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

FLOOR(n)
FLOORÇÔ¼ö´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø °ªº¸´Ù À۰ųª °°Àº ÃÖ´ë Á¤¼ö°ªÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼öÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
CEIL ÇÔ¼ö¿Í ºñ±³ÇØ º¸¼¼¿ä.
SQL>SELECT FLOOR(10.1) TEST FROM dual ;
    TEST
-------
       10

SQL>SELECT FLOOR(-10.1) TEST FROM dual ;
    TEST
-------
      -11


LN(n)
LNÇÔ¼ö´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø °ªÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬·Î±× °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

MOD(m, n)
MODÇÔ¼ö´Â mÀ» nÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾î ³²Àº °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. nÀÌ 0ÀÏ °æ¿ì mÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT MOD(9, 4) TEST FROM dual ;
    TEST
  -------
         1


POWER(m, n)
POWERÇÔ¼ö´Â mÀÇ n½Â °ªÀ» °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT POWER(4, 2) TEST FROM dual ;
      TEST
   -------
         16


ROUND(n, [m])
ROUNDÇÔ¼ö´Â n°ªÀÇ ¹Ý¿Ã¸²À» ÇÏ´Â ÇÔ¼ö·Î mÀº ¼Ò¼ýÁ¡ ¾Æ·¡ ÀÚ¸´¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT ROUND(192.123, 1) TEST FROM dual ;
      TEST
   -------
      192.1

SQL>SELECT ROUND(192.123, -1) TEST FROM dual ;
     TEST
   -------
       190


SIGN(n)
SIGNÇÔ¼ö´Â n<0ÀÏ °æ¿ì -1DFM N=0ÀÏ °æ¿ì 0À» N>0ÀÏ °æ¿ì 1À» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

SQRT(n)
SQRTÇÔ¼ö´Â n°ªÀÇ ·çÆ®°ªÀ» °è»êÇÑ´Ù. nÀº ¾ç¼ö¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

TRUNC(n, m)
TRUNCÇÔ¼ö´Â n°ªÀ» m ¼Ò¼ýÁ¡ ÀÚ¸®·Î ¹Ý³»¸²ÇÑ °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT TRUNC(7.5597, 2) TEST FROM dual ;
    TEST
-------
     7.55

SQL>SELECT TRUNC (5254.26, -2 ) TEST FROM dual ;
    TEST
-------
     5200

2.        ¹®ÀÚ ÇÔ¼ö

CONCAT(char1, char2)
CONCAT ÇÔ¼ö´Â ConcatenationÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î µÎ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. "||" ¿¬»êÀÚ¿Í °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT CONCAT('Oracle', ' Korea') NAME FROM dual ;
    NAME
   -------------
   Oracle Korea


INITCAP(char)
ÁÖ¾îÁø ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ Ã¹ ¹ø° ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯½ÃÄÑ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT INITCAP('kim jung sick') NAME FROM dual ;
     NAME
-------------
  Kim jung sick


LOWER(char)
¹®ÀÚ¿­À» ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯ ½ÃÄÑ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

UPPER(char)
¹®ÀÚ¿­À» ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯ ½ÃÄÑ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT LOWER('KIM JUNG SICK') NAME FROM dual ;
     NAME
-------------
  kim jung sick

SQL>SELECT UPPER('kim jung sick') NAME FROM dual ;
    NAME
--------------
KIM JUNG SICK


LPAD(char1, n [,char2])
¿ÞÂÊ¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿­À» ³¢¾î ³õ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. nÀº ¹ÝȯµÇ´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ Àüü ±æÀ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, char1ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÌ nº¸´Ù Ŭ °æ¿ì char1À» n°³ ¹®ÀÚ¿­ ¸¸Å­ ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT LPAD('JUNG-SICK', 10, '*') NAME FROM dual ;
   NAME
------------
*JUNG-SICK


RPAD(char1, n [,char2])
LPAD¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ ¹®ÀÚ¿­À» ³¢¾î ³õ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT RPAD('JUNG-SICK', 10, '*') NAME FROM dual ;
    NAME
------------
  JUNG-SICK*


SUBSTR(char, m ,[n])
SUBSTRÇÔ¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© m ¹ø° ÀÚ¸®ºÎÅÍ ±æÀÌ°¡ n°³ÀÎ ¹®ÀÚ¿­À» ¹ÝȯÇÑ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. mÀÌ À½¼öÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â µÚ¿¡¼­ M¹ø° ¹®ÀÚºÎÅÍ ¹Ý´ë ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î n°³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT SUBSTR('JUNG-SICK', 3, 3) NAME FROM dual ;
          NAME
-----------
        NG-

-- µÚ¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ÀÚ¸¦
SQL>SELECT SUBSTR('JUNG-SICK', -3, 3) NAME FROM dual ;
        NAME  
-----------
        ICK


LENGTH(char1)
¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ¸®ÅÏ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT LENGTH('JUNG-SICK') TEST FROM dual ;
      TEST
   ----------
           9


REPLACE(char1, str1, str2)
REPLACE´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL> SELECT REPLACE('JACK and JUE','J','BL') "Changes" FROM DUAL;
Changes
--------------
BLACK and BLUE

SQL> SELECT REPLACE('JACK and JUE','JA','BL') "Changes" FROM DUAL
Changes
------------
BLCK and JUE

-- ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT REPLACE('JACK and JUE','j','BL') "Changes" FROM DUAL
Changes
------------
JACK and JUE


INSTR
¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ Á¶»çÇÏ¿© ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é 0ÀÌ ¹Ýȯ µË´Ï´Ù.
-- ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ OK°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ 0ÀÌ ¹Ýȯ µË´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OK')  "Instring" FROM DUAL
  Instring
----------
         0

-- ORÀÌ ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡ 2¸¦ ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ÞÂʺÎÅÍ ºñ±³¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR')  "Instring" FROM DUAL
  Instring
----------
         2

-- ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼­ 3¹ø°ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÀ» Çؼ­ ºñ±³¸¦ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 2¹ø° ORÀÇ À§Ä¡°¡ ¹Ýȯ µË´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', 3)  "Instring" FROM DUAL
  Instring
----------
         5

-- ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼­ 3¹ø°ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÀ» Çؼ­ ºñ±³¸¦ Çϴµ¥  ORÀÌ µÎ ¹ø° °Ë»öµÇ´Â ÁöÁ¡ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL> SELECT INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', 3, 2)  "Instring" FROM DUAL;
  Instring
----------
       14


TRIM
ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°Å ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.  
Á¦°ÅÇÒ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °ø¹éÀÌ Á¦°Å µË´Ï´Ù.
¸®ÅÏ°ªÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍŸÀÔÀº VARCHAR2 ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
-- 0À» Á¦°Å ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT TRIM(0 FROM 0009872348900)  "TRIM Example" FROM DUAL;
TRIM Example
------------
98723489

-- ¾î¶² ¹®ÀÚµµ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °ø¹éÀÌ Á¦°Å µË´Ï´Ù.  
-- TRIMÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ À§¿¡ ¿¹Á¦¿Í »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹Á¦ÀÇ °á°ú °ªÀÌ ´Ù¸£°Ô ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT NVL(TRIM ('  '),'°ø¹é')  "TRIM Example"  FROM DUAL
TRIM Example
------------
°ø¹é

SQL>SELECT NVL('  ','°ø¹é')  "TRIM Example" FROM DUAL
TRIM Example
------------
  


LTRIM
SQL>SELECT LTRIM('xyxXxyLAST WORD','xy') "LTRIM example"  FROM DUAL;
LTRIM example
------------
XxyLAST WORD


RTRIM
SQL>SELECT RTRIM('BROWNINGyxXxy','xy') "RTRIM example"     FROM DUAL;
RTRIM examp
-----------
BROWNINGyxX


3.        ³¯Â¥ °ü·ÃÇÔ¼ö

LAST_DAY(d)
LAST_DAYÇÔ¼ö´Â ´ÞÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ³¯ÀÇ ³¯Â¥¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù
SQL>SELECT SYSDATE TODAY, LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) LASTDAY FROM dual ;
         TODAY             LASTDAY
-----------------------------
05-JUN-2000       30-JUN-2000        


ADD_MONTHS(a, b)
ADD_MONTHS ÇÔ¼ö´Â aÀÇ ³¯Â¥¿¡ bÀÇ ´ÞÀ» ´õÇÑ °ªÀ» ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT TO_CAHR(ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,3),'RRRR/MM/DD' LASTDAY)  "date"
        FROM dual ;
      date
------------
  2000/09/05  


MONTH_BETWEEN(a1, a2)
MONTH_BETWEENÀº a1°ú a2 »çÀÌÀÇ ´ÞÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ NUMBERÇü ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(TO_DATE('2000/06/05') , TO_DATE('2000/09/23'))  "Date" FROM dual ;
            Date
  ----------------
         -3.880635  


ROUND(d[,F])
ROUND ÇÔ¼ö´Â F¿¡ ÁöÁ¤µÈ ´ÜÀ§·Î ¹Ý¿Ã¸² ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, F°¡ ¿¬µµ¶ó¸é ¿¬µµ ´ÜÀ§·Î ¹Ý¿Ã¸² ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT ROUND(TO_DATE('1998/09/11'), 'YEAR')  FROM dual ;
    ROUND(TO_
--------------
       99-01-01

SQL>SELECT ROUND(TO_DATE('1998/04/11'), 'MONTH') FROM dual ;
    ROUND(TO_
---------------
       98-04-01

SQL>SELECT ROUND(TO_DATE('1998/04/11'), 'DAY')  FROM dual ;
    ROUND(TO_
---------------
       98-04-11


³¯Â¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ê¼ú ¿¬»ê
¿¬  »ê °á°úÄ¡ »ç  ¿ë  ¸ñ  Àû
³¯Â¥ + ¼ýÀÚ ³¯Â¥   ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ³¯·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸çÄ¥ ÈÄÀÇ ³¯Â¥ °è»ê
³¯Â¥ - ¼ýÀÚ ³¯Â¥   ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ³¯·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸çÄ¥ ÀüÀÇ ³¯Â¥ °è»ê
³¯Â¥ - ³¯Â¥ ¼ýÀÚ   µÎ ³¯Â¥ »çÀÌÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ¼ýÀÚ·Î °è»ê

  
4.        º¯È¯ ÇÔ¼ö

TO_CHAR
TO_CHARÇÔ¼ö´Â DATEÇü, NUMBERÇüÀ» VARCHAR2ÇüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²¨ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'MONTH') CHARTEST FROM dual ;
       CHARTEST
--------------
             JUNE

SQL>SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE) CHARTEST FROM dual ;
       CHARTEST
--------------
          00/06/10


TO_DATE
TO_DATEÇÔ¼ö´Â CHAR, VARCHAR2ÇüÀ» DATE ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT TO_DATE('2000/06/16','RRRR/MM/DD') FROM dual ;
       TO_DATE
   ------------  
      2000/06/16  


TO_NUMBER
TO_NUMBERÇÔ¼ö´Â CHAR, VARCHAR2ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ¼ýÀÚÇü½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT TO_NUMBER('1210616') FROM dual ;
    TO_NUMBER
    --------------

             1210616


5.        ±âŸÇÔ¼ö

NVL
NVL ÇÔ¼ö´Â NULL°ªÀ» ´Ù¸¥ °ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¶§ ¾²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å¸ÀÔ¿¡ Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀüȯµÇ´Â °ªÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ÀÏÄ¡½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT empno, NVL(comm, 0) FROM  emp WHERE deptno = 30;

         EMPNO  NVL(COMM,0)
       ----------     -----------
          7499              300
          7521              500
          7654             1400
          7698                0
          7844                0
          7900                0


DECODE
DECODE ÇÔ¼ö´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ µéÀ» ´Ù¸¥ °ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
Çü½Ä DECODE(VALUE, IF1, THEN1, IF2, THEN2...)
VALUE °ªÀÌ IF1ÀÏ°æ¿ì¿¡ THEN1°ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁÖ°í VALUE°ªÀÌ IF2ÀÏ°æ¿ì¿¡´Â THEN2°ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
SQL> SELECT deptno,
                    DECODE(deptno, 10 , 'ACCOUNTING' ,
                                             20 , 'RESEARCH' ,
                                             30 , 'SALES' ,
                                             40 , 'OPERATIONS')
          FROM emp ;

     DEPTNO  DECODE(DEP
     ---------- ----------
        20        RESEARCH
        30        SALES
        30        SALES
        20        RESEARCH
        30        SALES
        30        SALES
        10        ACCOUNTING
        20        RESEARCH


DUMP
DUMP´Â ¹ÙÀÌÆ® Å©±â¿Í ÇØ´ç µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Å¸ÀÔ Äڵ带 ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù..
SQL>SELECT ename, DUMP(ename, 16) "16Áø¼ö"
        FROM emp
        WHERE ename = 'ALLEN'

ename   16Áø¼ö
------  ------------------------------
ALLEN   Typ=1 Len=5: 41,4c,4c,45,4e


GREATEST
GREATESTÇÔ¼ö´Â °Ë»ö°ª Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« °ªÀ» ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT GREATEST(10, 100, 5, -7) FROM DUAL;
GREATEST(10,100,5,-7)
---------------------
                  100


LEAST
LEASTÇÔ¼ö´Â GREATESTÇÔ¼ö¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î °¡Àå ÀÛÀº °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL>SELECT LEAST(10, 100, 5, -7) FROM DUAL;  
LEAST(10,100,5,-7)
------------------
                -7


UID
ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ID¹øÈ£¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

USER
ÇöÀç ¿À¶óŬÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ VARCHAR2Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸®ÅÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
SQL> SELECT USER, UID FROM DUAL;
USER          UID
------------- ------
SCOTT         32


USERENV
USERENV ÇÔ¼ö´Â ÇöÀç ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ È¯°æ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  - ENTRYID : »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ Auditing entry Identifier¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  - LABEL : ÇöÀç ¼¼¼ÇÀÇ LabelÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  - LANGUAGE : ÇöÀç ¼¼¼Ç¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ ¾ð¾î¿Í Å׸®Å丮 °ªÀ» ¹ÝȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  - SESSIONID : Auditing(°¨»ç) Session ID¸¦ ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  - TERMINAL : ÇöÀç ¼¼¼Ç Å͹̳ÎÀÇ OS ID¸¦ ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.  
SQL> SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
------------------------
KOREAN_KOREA.KO16KSC5601


VSIZE
ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚÀÇ BYTE¼ö¸¦ ¹Ýȯ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇØ´ç ¹®ÀÚ°¡ NULLÀ̸é NULL°ªÀÌ ¹Ýȯ µË´Ï´Ù.
SQL> SELECT VSIZE(ename), ename
          FROM emp
          WHERE deptno = 30;

VSIZE(ENAME) ENAME
------------ ----------
           5            ALLEN
           4            WARD
           6            MARTIN
           5            BLAKE

iWiz (2004-07-16 00:49:57)  
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19   ¸®µÎ·Î±× ÆÄÀÏÀÇ drop / add / relocation ¹× rename  ¹ÚÁã 2004/04/22 7059 33
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9   ºñ±³ / ³í¸® ¿¬»êÀÚ ¹× ¿¬»ê ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§  ¹ÚÁã 2004/03/22 9336 41
8   NULLÀ̶õ?? [2]  ¹ÚÁã 2004/03/22 7993 32

1 [2]
 

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